Lived realities of gender-based violence among child survivors in South Mugirango sub-county, Kisii county, Kenya

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) against children remains a major global and local concern with serious implications for child protection, human rights, and social development. Although existing studies have largely focused on prevalence and determinants, less attention has been given to how child survivors experience and interpret violence within their everyday lives. This study examines the lived realities of GBV among child survivors in South Mugirango Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya, with focus on patterns of occurrence, reporting practices, and coping responses. The study was anchored in a phenomenological orientation within a quantitative-dominant explanatory design, allowing integration of statistical patterns with survivors’ lived experiences. The study targeted 1,534 reported child survivors of GBV, 1,030 parents or guardians, and actors within the child protection system. A proportionate sample of 154 child survivors was derived using Cochran’s formula, alongside 103 parents or guardians. The study further included 2 Sub-County Children Officers, 2 Probation Officers, 4 Gender Desk Police Officers, 1 Deputy County Commissioner, 2 Chiefs, 3 Assistant Chiefs, 13 Clan Elders, 3 Social Workers, 3 Community Health Promoters, 3 Child Protection Volunteers, and 3 Kenya Children’s Assembly (KCA) officials. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews and open-ended responses and analyzed thematically to capture how children perceive and respond to violence. Findings show a high prevalence of GBV, with children reporting moderate to high exposure (M = 3.95), indicating that violence is a common part of their daily environments. Many cases are handled informally (M = 3.65), contributing to under-reporting. Gender differences were evident, with girls more exposed to sexual and emotional violence, while boys experienced more physical and peer-related violence. Survivors reported coping through silence, avoidance, and peer support, influenced by fear, stigma, and low trust in formal systems. The study concludes that GBV among child survivors follows recognizable patterns shaped by social and environmental conditions. It recommends strengthening reporting systems, enhancing community awareness, and promoting child-centered interventions. The study contributes to social work by informing policy and practice using evidence grounded in survivors’ experiences.