http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6744 2026-09-25T19:54:14Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19842 Influence of Project Planning Practices on Cost Overruns in The Construction of Trunk Roads in Kenya Joachim Aloo, Patrick Gudda, John Troon In ideal situation, road infrastructure projects should be completed within the planned budget, schedule, and scope to ensure efficient utilization of public resources and timely delivery of transport services that support economic growth and social development. Currently, cost overruns are a persistent challenge in Kenya’s road construction sector, particularly in national trunk road projects, where final expenditures frequently exceed planned budgets. These overruns undermine timely project delivery, strain public finances, and reduce value for money, hindering the achievement of Vision 2030. This study examined the influence of project planning practices that is scope definition, design planning, and funding allocation on cost overruns in national trunk road construction. The study was guided by the Systems Theory, Design Structure Theory, and Contingency Theory, the study adopted a retrospective design using secondary data from 46 KENHA projects implemented between 2005 and 2023. Data were extracted from KENHA and Kenya Roads Board. Document reviews were done on parliamentary reports, audit reports, and financiers including the World Bank and African Development Bank. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, with multiple linear regression determining relationships between planning practices and cost overruns. Results showed that scope definition, design planning changes, and funding allocation were significant drivers of cost overrun. The study concludes that strengthening feasibility studies, integrating modern design technologies, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and ensuring predictable funding flows are critical to minimizing budget deviations. The findings would offer actionable insights for policymakers, project managers, development partners, and scholars to improve planning frameworks, emphasizing efficiency, accountability, and sustainable infrastructure development. This underscores the need for well-structured project planning practices that minimize cost overruns and enhance the long-term performance of Kenya’s road infrastructure sector. 2026-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/18763 PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN KISUMU CITY, KENYA Rose Wanjiru Mithamo, Patrick Gudda, Robert Kinanga Participation in sustainable solid waste management (SWM) projects is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for youth empowerment in urban Africa. This study examined Participation in Sustainable Solid Waste Management Projects and Its Effects on Youth Empowerment in Kisumu City, Kenya, focusing on how youth involvement in waste collection, disposal, and recycling contributes to social, economic, and innovative empowerment outcomes. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, and Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory, the study analyzed how youth engagement in waste collection, disposal, and recycling influences empowerment outcomes. A cross-sectional design was adopted, targeting 320 youth, with 175 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS Version 26. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, while ordinal regression assessed relationships among variables. Findings revealed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between youth participation in SWM activities and empowerment outcomes. Waste collection (β = 1.719, p < .05), waste disposal (β = 2.188, p < .05), and recycling (β = 4.625, p < .05) significantly influenced empowerment, accounting for 59.3 percent of its variation. The study concludes that youth participation enhances environmental awareness, leadership, social inclusion, and economic independence. It recommends that policymakers, NGOs, and local governments strengthen youth engagement through capacity building, financial support, and improved waste infrastructure. 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/18762 Strategic Risk Mitigation and Its Influence on Selected Road Construction Projects Delivery in Kenya George Onyango Agumba, Patrick Gudda, Simon Mwaura To assess the effect of risk mitigation strategies on project delivery, this study focused on three Kenyan roads: the 27 km Nairobi Expressway (A8), the 172 km Isebania-Kisii-Ahero (A1) corridor, and the 219 km Kenol-Isiolo highway (A2). Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, supplemented by secondary data from reputable web sources. The analysis employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. Using SPSS version 26, a moderated hierarchical multiple linear regression model was fitted to evaluate how dynamic capabilities influenced the relationship between risk management strategies and road project delivery outcomes. The model showed the predictors accounted for 37.1% of the variance in delivery (R² = .371, Adj R² = .299). This was statistically significant, F(4, 35) = 5.167, p < .05, with the key predictor showing a significant effect (t = 6.049, p < .05). Key findings revealed that resource risk avoidance, human resource risk reduction and insurance risk transference significantly influenced road construction project delivery. While dynamic capabilities enhanced the relationship between these three strategies and project delivery, they did not moderate the effect of project control. Consequently, the study urges construction firms to deepen their application of resource risk avoidance, human resource risk reduction, and insurance transference, primarily by investing in capacity building for risk and project management. 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/18761 RESOURCE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELIVERY IN KENYA George Onyango Agumba, Patrick Gudda, Simon Mwaura This study sought to determine the influence of resource risk management strategies on delivery of road construction projects in Kenya, with the main focus on Nairobi Expressway, Kenol-Marua and Isebania-Ahero road projects. This study used an explanatory research design that tries to understand a problem that has not been conclusively researched. This study collected both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from 45 respondents in the management level using questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed by calculating the response rate with descriptive statistics such as means, median, standard deviation, and percentages using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 28. The analyzed data were presented by the use of graphs and frequency tables. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis where common themes were placed together and then subjected to descriptive statistics. The study revealed that Resource Risk Management Strategy had a positive significant effect on road construction project delivery at 95% confidence level(𝛽 = 0.34,𝑡(34) = 2.47, 𝑝 = 0.019). This indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between resource risk management strategy and road construction project delivery. The significant positive effect of resource risk management strategies on road construction project delivery highlights their value in managing construction risks. Road construction companies are therefore encouraged to institutionalize resource risk management practices such as early procurement, use of efficient machinery, and employee welfare policies to enhance schedule adherence and budget compliance. The current study therefore strongly recommends that policymakers for example KeNHA should develop and enforce laws and regulations governing resource risk management strategies to ensure that all road construction companies comply with established guidelines, thereby minimizing delays caused by clearance processes with relevant authorities. 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z